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The belief in the utmost integrity of the fetus in the womb was staged by three dramatic events, which led to the twentieth century. The science of teratology (teratos = born, logos = science) was developed in the 20th century.
Norman McAlister Gregg
In 1925, in the United States, it was recognized that X-rays also cause value disability, or, in less severe cases, microfichola. 1941 Norman McAlister Gregg, an Austrian eye has recognized that there has been a rubella swine fever in the background of congenital cataracts (cataracts) in the country. In November 1961, Widukind Lenz, a geneticist in West Germany, announced that the cause of late-stage malformation (phocomelia, e: focomyelia) was a particularly recommended sedation for pregnant women, Contergan volt. As it once was, the world "fell on the far side" and the "nothing good" period was taken by the "every good".
Fetal harm in the uterus
Teratological Basic Laws
The following is a description of some important basic laws of teratology.- Specificity (noxa-specificity) means that the abnormality that occurs is specific to the cause. An abnormal acting cow cannot cause "everything" but a specific syndrome. Radiation is not capable of causing any brain damage.
- During the time factor, it is understood that an external effect can only induce its specific syndrome during a specific period of pregnancy. In most cases, the critical period is pregnancy 3-8. week. THE Before 3 weeks, the "law of all or nothing" is validated, that is, if the fetus is damaged, it will cause spontaneous abortion. If it stays, it's healthy. The only exception to this is the ionizing radiation, as the critical period of this effect is shown in Figures 12-18. during the week of pregnancy.
- The intensity of the external hazard determines the level of risk, that is to say, similarly to drug substances, it also has an environmental impact.
- The principle of species-specificity means that certain harm causes damage only under certain conditions. Contergan pl. proved to be harmless in all animal experiments. On the other hand, aspirin and prednisolone, which are not teratogenic in humans, are among the most dangerous drugs for laboratory animals. Unfortunately, species specificity greatly hampers teratological research.
- Individual Sensitivity: Almost no harm is sure to cause fetal harm. Therefore, we assume that environmental damage is also susceptible to genetic influences.
Extraordinary fear of the X-ray
With his activity at Clearinghouse, he has made numerous discoveries that greatly contribute to the birth of a healthy offspring. Based on our work, fetal harm can be divided into physical, biological and chemical. Because of the significance and magnitude of the topic of fetal drug harm, we devote special attention to the subject. Physical harm can be traced back to ionizing radiation and mechanical influences. Many people are afraid of x-rays, and the medical evidence that demonstrates the relative harmlessness of x-rays is not widespread. Namely, the minimum radiation exposure that doubles the risk of malignant disability is 25 RAD (25 x 1: 1 images per fetus). To mitigate the risk of microcephaly, only 50 RADs of direct radiation are required.The World Health Organization (WHO) has set the health limit for fetuses very rigorously, Greater than 10 RAD it may not be exposed to radiation. However, the radiation exposure suffered during the pulmonary examination is 0.1 RAD and does not target the fetus. The load on the dental x-ray is even lower. Despite this, a significant amount of burdens are still interrupted due to lack of information: the Hiroshima nuclear attack on Nagasaki and the Chernobyl power plant disaster did not increase the risk of congenital malformations. The reason is that genetically impaired sperm cannot fertilize and that genetically damaged sperm cannot be fertilized. Radiation exposure may have caused such a small burden in the critical nozzle that no statistically unusual deviation has been detected, which does not mean that no such cases have occurred.Magzatvнzhiбny
Fertхzйsek
Among the biological hazards the most important are infections. Fetal infectious agents are usually expressed by the English letter "TORCH" (T = toxoplasma, O = others, R = rubella, C = cytomegalovirus, H = herpes virus). Toxoplasma is a single-celled mucous membrane, which is distributed mainly by the cat through the sciatica. Insufficient cooked meat can also be the cause of the disease. Maternal disease is characterized by cold, non-specific symptoms.In the 16th week of pregnancy, the fetus develops severe cerebral inflammation, the most important symptom of which is Sabin-tetrady is known as c And he was hiring. Fetal infectivity can be detected by a mother's blood test. It is more fortunate to have the test done before pregnancy and then treated with antibiotics. Rubella may be completely asymptomatic in the mother. It causes a characteristic symptom syndrome in a child: congenital cataract, heart failure, hearing loss, and mental disability. It can be prevented by vaccination, which is worth detecting before a blood test. Contrary to belief (because vaccination is done with living viruses), vaccination is not fetal.Cytomegalovirus is an unavoidable, rare disease. It causes small-head (microcephaly), hydrocephalus (hydrocephalus), inflammation (chorioretinitis) of the eyes and nerve cortex. It is characterized by neonatal liver enlargement, yellowing, and hemorrhage. Only 1% of all cases of microcephaly are responsible for infections. This can lead to severe and extensive dermatitis, sepsis, meningitis and encephalitis. Therefore, the active maternal genital herpes makes cesarean section compulsory.
